A position detection system includes: a capsule medical device configured to generate a position-detecting magnetic field； a plurality of detection coils arranged outside a subject； and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to correct a magnetic field component caused by a first magnetic field generation material with respect to each of measurement values of detection signals output from the detection coils, the first magnetic field generation material being arranged inside a space that the position-detecting magnetic field generated by the capsule medical device present inside a detection target region is reachable, the detection target region being a region in which a position of the capsule medical device is detectable, the first magnetic field generation material being configured to generate a magnetic field due to action of the position-detecting magnetic field.
