THE COMBINATION OF COTININE PLUS ANTIOXIDANT FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION AND CORRECTION OF ASTROCYTES FUNCTIONAL DEFICIT INDUCED BY DEPRESSION AND OTHER NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
The present invention relates to a method of a) treating any of depression induced by chronic stress； depression in a subject afflicted with PTSD； anxiety induced by chronic stress； anxiety in a subject afflicted with PTSD； cognitive impairment induced by chronic stress； altered morphology and/or reduced number of GFAP+ cells in hippocampus and/or frontal cortex induced by chronic stress； working memory impairment in a subject afflicted with PTSD； b) inhibiting or reversing loss of GFAP+ cells in hippocampus and/or frontal cortex induced by chronic stress； c) decreasing consolidation of contextual fear memory in a subject afflicted with PTSD； d) enhancing extinction of fear memory in a subject afflicted with PTSD； or e) increasing calcineurin A expression in a subject afflicted with PTSD using a combination of cotinine and an antioxidant.
