Some embodiments provide in-line negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) sampling assessment systems, comprising: a housing； a wound fluid input port configured to fluidly couple with a first wound fluid lumen extending from a wound treatment site； a wound fluid output port configured to fluidly couple with a NPWT control unit； an in-line sampling chamber positioned within the housing and comprising a theranostic sampling element, wherein the first in-line sampling chamber is configured to: removably and fluidly couple between the input port and the output port in-line with a wound fluid path between the wound treatment site and the NPWT control unit with the first theranostic sampling element positioned so that at least some of the wound fluid contacts at least a portion of the first theranostic sampling element； and decouple out of the wound fluid path without interrupting a negative pressure treatment process applied at the wound treatment site.
