A ventilation apparatus for treating sleep apnea is provided. A ventilatorcontrolled by a control system may deliverventilation gas through a ventilation gas delivery circuit to a ventilationcatheter and a distal tip on the ventilation catheter. One ormore sensors may detect a breathing cycle and the control system may operatethe ventilator in synchrony with the breathing cycle.The distal tip may deliver the ventilation gas superiorly from thetranstracheal ventilation catheter towards an upper airway, inferiorlyfrom the transtracheal ventilation catheter towards a lung, or a combinationof both. The ventilation catheter may be a transtrachealcatheter, a trans-oral catheter or a trans-nasal catheter.
