Disclosed are a dimethylphenylammonium long chain compound a preparation a self assembled structure and a use thereof. The compound can have an ultra long acting anaesthetic effect is a N diethylaminoacetyl 2 6 dimethylphenylammonium compound and the structure thereof is as shown by formula (I). The compound can perform self assembly in an aqueous solvent to form a micelle or a gel and the micelle or gel can exert a long time local anaesthetic effect on an organism wherein the local anaesthetic and/or analgetic time may exceed 72 hours. The compound can be used as a biological material capable of performing self assembly in water to form a micelle or gel and having a local anaesthetic effect at the same time the compound can also be used as a biological material for wrapping a pharmaceutically active molecule and/or drug carrier comprising a pharmaceutically active molecule and/or drug carrier used for treating pain pruritus and other symptoms as well as a preparation excipient used for a delivery system etc. all having good prospects.
