A system may include at least one sensor configured to bilaterally sense neurophysiological signals from the patient to provide bilateral sensing data, and at least one processor configured to calibrate at least a first electrode contact and a second electrode contact on the least one neuromodulation lead, including: instruct the neuromodulation device to deliver neuromodulation energy using at least the first electrode contact to cause a first neurophysiological response and at least the second electrode contact to cause a second neurophysiological response； receive from the at least one sensor first bilateral sensed data corresponding to the first neurophysiological response and second bilateral sensed data corresponding to the second neurophysiological response； and determine based on the first and second neurophysiological responses at least one of: physiological midline information or electrode-tissue coupling information.
