The disclosure relates to generally to the field of toxin inactivation. More specifically, it relates to clostridial toxins, methods of inactivating these toxins and compositions (e.g., vaccines) comprising toxoids (e.g., produced by these methods). Provided are methods of producing a C. difficile toxoid comprising inactivating a C. difficile toxin with formaldehyde. Toxoids prepared by these methods are stable at high temperature (e.g., 37℃) and remain non-cytotoxic with minimal residual formaldehyde.本發明大體上係關於毒素失活之領域。更特定言之,其係關於梭菌毒素、使此等毒素失活之方法及包含類毒素(例如藉由此等方法產生之類毒素)之組合物(例如疫苗)。提供產生困難梭菌類毒素之方法,該方法包含用甲醛使困難梭菌毒素失活。藉由此等方法製備之類毒素在高溫(例如37℃)下穩定,且在最少殘餘甲醛下保持非細胞毒性。
