A method of treating bladder cancer is provided. The method of treating bladder cancer can include: providing a pharmaceutical composition having ciclopirox or ciclopirox olamine or a ciclopirox-POM prodrug having a structure of one of the formulae provided herein or derivative thereof or stereoisomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof； and administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject having the bladder cancer. The ciclopirox or ciclopirox olamine or a ciclopirox-POM prodrug can be administered in a therapeutically effective amount.
