New host-protective molecules containing conjugated triene and diene double bonds with each carrying a 13-carbon position alcohol and were derived from n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5) were produced in neutrophil-endothelial co-cultures, and they are present in human and mouse tissues after sterile inflammation or infection. These compounds, termed 13-series resolvins (RvT), demonstrated potent protective actions increasing mice survival during Escherichia coli infections. Their biosynthesis during neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions was initiated by endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased by atorvastatin via S-nitrosylation of COX-2. Atorvastatin and RvT were additive in E. coli infections in mice where they accelerated resolution of inflammation and increased survival >；60%. Results documented novel host protective molecules in bacterial infections, namely RvT, derived from n-3 DPA via transcellular biosynthesis and increased by atorvastatin. RvT also regulated human and mouse phagocyte responses stimulating bacterial phagocytosis and regulating inflammasome components to regulate key innate protective responses in the resolution of infectious-inflammation.
