The present invention relates to a functional composition for surface modification. The composition for surface modification according to the present invention comprises a functional component having a functional group capable of covalently binding to a cysteine residue in a protein of hair, skin, limbs, skin or fiber, and is used for hair, skin, limbs. By forming a covalent bond without damage to the nail, the skin or the fiber, the effect of the functional component is remarkably improved to provide a desired surface modification effect semipermanently.本発明は、表面改質用機能性組成物に関する。本発明による表面改質用組成物は、毛髪、皮膚、手足の爪、皮または繊維のタンパク質内システイン残基と共有結合が可能な官能基を有する機能性成分を含み、毛髪、皮膚、手足の爪、皮または繊維に損傷なしに共有結合を形成させることにより、機能性成分の効果を顕著に向上させて、半永久的に所望の表面改質効果を提供する。